{"id":38224,"date":"2023-01-31T13:06:26","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T10:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/?p=38224"},"modified":"2025-10-16T15:58:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T12:58:38","slug":"gezginlerin-atalari-dunya-tarihinin-en-onemli-kasifleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/gezginlerin-atalari-dunya-tarihinin-en-onemli-kasifleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Gezginlerin atalar\u0131: D\u00fcnya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli k\u00e2\u015fifleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir hik\u00e2ye: Marco Polo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli ka\u015fifleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Marco Polo, 1254-1324 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Venedikli \u00fcnl\u00fc gezgin ilk seyahatlerini Akdeniz ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikten sonra 24 y\u0131l boyunca ke\u015ffetmekten hi\u00e7 vazge\u00e7memi\u015f. Hen\u00fcz 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kan Marco Polo, \u2018d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131\u2019 olarak an\u0131lan zorlu Pamir Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nu takip ederek \u00c7in\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131rken, bug\u00fcn dahi nefesleri kesecek pek \u00e7ok deneyim ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. En \u00fcnl\u00fc k\u00e2\u015fifler dendi\u011finde akla gelen ilk isimlerden olan Polo, el yazmas\u0131 g\u00fcncesinde t\u00fcm bu ser\u00fcvenleri kaleme alsa da g\u00fcncenin orijinal hali ne yaz\u0131k ki kay\u0131p. \u2018Marco Polo\u2019nun Ser\u00fcvenleri\u2019 adl\u0131 g\u00fcncenin en eski bas\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri bug\u00fcn Oxford\u2019da, Bodleian K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Yeni D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00e2\u015fifi: Kristof Kolomb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb.png\" alt=\"en \u00fcnl\u00fc gezginler kristof kolomb\" class=\"wp-image-38225\" width=\"784\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb.png 784w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/en-u\u0308nlu\u0308-gezginler-kristof-kolomb-696x464.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fan k\u00e2\u015fif Kristof Kolomb, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc k\u00e2\u015fifleri aras\u0131nda. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1492\u2019de \u0130spanya band\u0131ral\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 gemiyle Atlas Okyanusu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131lan Kristof Kolomb, Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fan ilk k\u00e2\u015fif olsa da bu bilgiyi hi\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenemeden d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc. \u0130lk olarak Bahama Adalar\u0131\u2019na varan, daha sonra \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerde ise Jamaika, Trinidad ve K\u00fcba gibi farkl\u0131 topraklara uzanan Kristof Kolomb, talihsizdir ki gitti\u011fi t\u00fcm bu yeni yerlerin Hindistan oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Bu sebeple vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ya\u015fayan yerlilere \u201cIndias\u201d (\u0130spanyolca Hindisyanl\u0131) diye seslendi. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda ilk deniz yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kan Cenoval\u0131 Kolomb, o g\u00fcn\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019s\u0131na yeni bir d\u00fcnya ihtimalinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayarak tarihte yepyeni bir \u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarihe y\u00f6n veren 20 fig\u00fcrden biri: Evliya \u00c7elebi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131ra geldi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc gezginleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Anadolulu bir gezgine, Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019ye. 1611\u2019de do\u011fan Evliya \u00c7elebi, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 seyahatlerde ge\u00e7irdi. 2010\u2019da Avrupa Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan \u2018\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihine Y\u00f6n Veren 20 Ki\u015fi\u2019\u2019 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen Evliya \u00c7elebi, 70\u2019lerine dek s\u00fcren seyahatlerinin ilkini 29 ya\u015f\u0131nda Bursa\u2019ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f. Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan Kafkaslara, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan Balkanlara uzanan her bir seyahatinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a not alan Evliya \u00c7elebi, bu notlar do\u011frultusunda bug\u00fcn Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda yer alan on ciltlik me\u015fhur seyahatnamesini yazm\u0131\u015f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ismini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u015fif: Amerigo Vespucci<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_.png\" alt=\"amerigo vespucci\" class=\"wp-image-38227\" width=\"784\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_.png 784w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Amerigo-vespucci_-696x464.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Amerigo Vespucci, Amerika\u2019ya ad\u0131n\u0131 veren k\u00e2\u015fif.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fan ilk k\u00e2\u015fif olmasa da Vespucci, buran\u0131n Asya de\u011fil yeni bir k\u0131ta oldu\u011funu fark eden ilk k\u00e2\u015fif. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ismini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u015fif de Amerigo Vespucci\u2019nin ta kendisi. 1499-1502 y\u0131llar\u0131nda G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya do\u011fru iki farkl\u0131 sefere \u00e7\u0131kan Vespucci, asl\u0131nda Floransal\u0131 bir harita bilimci. Vaktiyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Medici ailesini temsilen Fransa\u2019ya giden, ilk ke\u015fif yolculu\u011funu bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Brezilya topraklar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Vespucci, ilk seferinde anakaray\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 Kolomb gibi Asya k\u0131tas\u0131 zannetmi\u015f. \u0130kinci seyahatinde b\u00f6lgenin hi\u00e7 de Asya\u2019ya benzemedi\u011fini fark eden Vespucci, \u0130talya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta Amerika\u2019y\u0131 \u2018yeni d\u00fcnya\u2019 diyerek tarif etmi\u015f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do\u011fu ufku: \u0130bn Battuta<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu defa y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc Fas\u2019a \u00e7eviriyoruz. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc gezginleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lan \u0130bn Battuta, 1325\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hac yolculu\u011funun ard\u0131ndan i\u00e7sel bir ayd\u0131nlanma ya\u015fayarak kendini yollara adam\u0131\u015f. 30 y\u0131lda 44 civar\u0131 \u00fclke gezdi\u011fi rivayet edilen \u00fcnl\u00fc gezgin Irak\u2019tan \u00c7in\u2019e, hatta Maldivler\u2019e kadar gezmi\u015f, g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f.&nbsp; D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc ka\u015fiflerinden \u0130bn Battuta\u2019n\u0131n gitti\u011fi \u015fehirlere dair g\u00f6zlemlerini \u0130bn Battuta Seyahatnamesi adl\u0131 eserinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hindistan\u2019a giden yol: Vasco de Gama<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz.png\" alt=\"belem ke\u015fifler an\u0131t\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-38229\" width=\"784\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz.png 784w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Belem-Kes\u0327ifler-Aniti-portekiz-696x464.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Belem Ke\u015fifler An\u0131t\u0131, Portekiz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Portekiz\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Hindistan\u2019a uzanan ilk ka\u015fif Vasco de Gama, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc gezginleri listemizin bir di\u011fer misafiri. 1496\u2019da yola \u00e7\u0131kan ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te pek \u00e7ok yerel halkla, hatta kendi gemisindeki isyanlarla m\u00fccadele eden Gama, 1498\u2019de Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan devlet yetkililerinin 13 gemi daha g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Hindistan topraklar\u0131, Avrupa\u2019dan b\u00f6lgeye giden ilk k\u00e2\u015fif Vasco de Gama\u2019n\u0131n son nefesini verdi\u011fi yer olmu\u015f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ebebeb;color:#ebebeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Heinrich Barth<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth.png\" alt=\"d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ka\u015fifleri barth\" class=\"wp-image-38231\" width=\"784\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth.png 784w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/du\u0308nyanin-en-o\u0308nemli-kas\u0327ifleri-barth-696x464.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli gezginleri aras\u0131ndaki Heinrich Barth\u2019\u0131 Tibuktu\u2019da resmeden bir \u00e7izim. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli gezginleri aras\u0131ndaki Alman Heinrich Barth\u2019\u0131n 1848\u2019den 1955\u2019e kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerde toplam 16 bin km yol yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7ad\u2019dan Nijer\u2019e, Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nden \u00c7ad\u2019a geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeyi mesken tutan Barth, bug\u00fcn bile olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir kaynak kitap kabul edilen \u2018Kuzey ve Orta Afrika\u2019da Geziler ve Ke\u015fifler\u2019i kaleme alm\u0131\u015f. Alman gezginin ayr\u0131ca \u2018Heinrich Barth Seyahatnamesi: Trabzon\u2019dan \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019a Yolculuk 1858\u2019 ad\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den okurlar\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcmsetecek bir kitab\u0131 da var.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir hik\u00e2ye: Marco Polo D\u00fcnya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli ka\u015fifleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Marco Polo, 1254-1324 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Venedikli \u00fcnl\u00fc gezgin ilk seyahatlerini Akdeniz ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikten sonra 24 y\u0131l boyunca ke\u015ffetmekten hi\u00e7 vazge\u00e7memi\u015f. Hen\u00fcz 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kan Marco Polo, \u2018d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131\u2019 olarak an\u0131lan zorlu Pamir Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nu takip [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":38233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[574,580],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38224","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-seyahat-ve-tatil-fikirleri","8":"category-gezilecek-tarihi-yerler-ve-rotalar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38224"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50153,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38224\/revisions\/50153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}