{"id":49540,"date":"2025-10-16T11:11:32","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T08:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/?p=49540"},"modified":"2025-11-06T08:14:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T05:14:13","slug":"karahantepe-yerlesim-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.turkishairlines.com\/tr\/karahantepe-yerlesim-yeri\/","title":{"rendered":"Karahantepe: \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n 12.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k neolitik miras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Karahantepe nerede?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Karahantepe\u2019nin
Karahantepe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Karahantepe H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda, \u015eanl\u0131urfa il merkezinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 55-60 km do\u011fusunda yer al\u0131yor. Tek Tek Da\u011flar\u0131 Milli Park\u0131 i\u00e7indeki kalker tepelerden birinde, Harran Ovas\u0131 ile Viran\u015fehir Ovas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Karahantepe, deniz seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 metre y\u00fckseklikte bir plato \u00fczerinde. Okuyucular\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in “Karahantepe nas\u0131l ke\u015ffedildi?” sorusunu cevapl\u0131yoruz. Yerel halk aras\u0131nda \u201cKe\u00e7ilitepe\u201d olarak da bilinen bu h\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fczerinde ilk arkeolojik tespitler 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Arkeolog Dr. Bahattin \u00c7elik, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00f6y\u00fckte \u00e7ok say\u0131da T bi\u00e7imli dikilita\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 fark ederek Karahantepe\u2019yi bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131tt\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcre G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin g\u00f6lgesinde kalan bu alan, 2019\u2019da \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. Dr. Necmi Karul ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ilk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczeyde beliren ta\u015flar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da gizlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyalini veriyordu. 2019\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015fan kaz\u0131lar, b\u00f6lgede y\u00fczeyin hemen alt\u0131nda 250\u2019den fazla dikilita\u015f bulundu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Ancak tam bu s\u0131rada ba\u015flayan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bir s\u00fcre ara verilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Pandemi sonras\u0131nda yeniden h\u0131z kazanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karahantepe \u00f6ren yeri stat\u00fcs\u00fc alarak koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 ve ziyarete uygun h\u00e2le getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Karahantepe’nin G\u00f6beklitepe ile ili\u015fkisi ve Ta\u015f Tepeler projesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Karahantepe\u2019nin
Karahantepe\u2019nin genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“Tarihin s\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131” olarak an\u0131lan ve 2018’de UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 listesine giren Neolitik tap\u0131nak alan\u0131 G\u00f6beklitepe olduk\u00e7a \u00fcn kazand\u0131. B\u00f6lgedeki Karahantepe ise, G\u00f6beklitepe’ye \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak benzer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Her iki yerle\u015fim de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mleksiz Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019de (M\u00d6. 10000-M\u00d6. 2000) b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar in\u015fa etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Bu yeni ke\u015fifler, b\u00f6lgenin Neolitik d\u00f6nem tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar kritik oldu\u011funu bir kez daha g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u015f Tepeler Projesi<\/a>, \u015eanl\u0131urfa ve \u00e7evresindeki bu t\u00fcrden t\u00fcm Neolitik yerle\u015fimleri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak incelemek amac\u0131yla T.C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir arkeoloji projesi. \u201cTa\u015f Tepeler\u201d ad\u0131, G\u00f6beklitepe ve Karahantepe ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgede tespit edilen 12\u2019ye yak\u0131n prehistorik h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kaps\u0131yor. Bu a\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde Sefertepe, Hamzan Tepe, Ta\u015fl\u0131 Tepe, Saybur\u00e7, \u00c7akmaktepe ve Nevali \u00c7ori gibi yerler de bulunuyor. Ta\u015f Tepeler b\u00f6lgesi, avc\u0131 toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015famdan yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f, an\u0131tsal mimarinin in\u015fas\u0131 ve zengin sembolik d\u00fcnya konular\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava laboratuvar\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Karahantepe\u2019de T bi\u00e7imli dikilita\u015flar ve dairesel yap\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Karahantepe
Karahantepe arkeolojik kaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda ta\u015f s\u00fctunlar ve yap\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Karahantepe\u2019deki kaz\u0131lar, b\u00f6lgede an\u0131tsal mimarinin geli\u015fkin bir \u00f6rne\u011fini ortaya koydu. Y\u00fczey taramalar\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u00f6y\u00fckte farkl\u0131 i\u015flevlere sahip d\u00f6rt ana kesim bulunuyor. Bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu teraslarda, \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u00fczeyden g\u00f6r\u00fclen T bi\u00e7imli dikilita\u015flar\u0131n dairesel planl\u0131 yap\u0131lar olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde dizildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn merkezinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda yuvarlak bir yap\u0131 kompleksi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda, ona biti\u015fik halde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck odalar ve eklentiler tespit edildi. Yap\u0131ya bir yandan basamakla inilip di\u011fer yandan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilmesi, bunun \u00f6zel t\u00f6renler i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Karahantepe\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan mimari kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, d\u00f6nemin m\u00fchendislik bilgisinin ve sembolik d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne denli geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaz\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ifadesiyle b\u00f6lge, \u00f6zel ama\u00e7larla in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kamusal y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan yap\u0131lar ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n izlerini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00e7ok say\u0131da kul\u00fcbeyi bir arada sunmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u015eu ana kadar 250\u2019den fazla T bi\u00e7imli dikilita\u015f bu alanda g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Karahantepe heykelleri, G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fcstten bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T harfine benzer \u015fekilde ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131ndan yontulmu\u015flar. Y\u00fczeyleri \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvan kabartmalar\u0131yla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f olan bu s\u00fctunlar, muhtemelen d\u00f6nemin totemik hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 veya mitolojik sembollerini temsil ediyordu. \u00d6zellikle tilki, y\u0131lan, bo\u011fa gibi fig\u00fcrler G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken Karahantepe heykellerinde de benzer bi\u00e7imde tilki ba\u015f\u0131 kabartmalar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015f. S\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde tilki ve di\u011fer hayvanlara ait oyma fig\u00fcrler bulunmu\u015f. Bununla birlikte Karahantepe\u2019yi G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019den ay\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik, insan fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok daha \u00f6n planda olmas\u0131. Dikilita\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu heykeller ve kabartmalarda insan betimlemeleri olduk\u00e7a bol. B\u00f6lgede \u015fimdiye dek \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan heykelci\u011fi bulundu\u011fu gibi, insanlar\u0131n hayvanlarla birlikte tasvir edildi\u011fi kompozit heykeller de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6lgede ayr\u0131ca leopar tasvirleri g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor, Karahantepe heykelleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da leopar ba\u015f\u0131 heykelci\u011fi ile s\u0131rt\u0131nda leopar ta\u015f\u0131yan bir insan heykeli de bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaz\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131n mimari plan\u0131, Karahantepe halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131yla rit\u00fcel alanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131lar\u0131n hemen \u00e7evresinde, yar\u0131 dairesel formlarda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da kul\u00fcbe tarz\u0131 bar\u0131nak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde ocak izleri, tah\u0131l \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme ta\u015flar\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck e\u015fyalara rastlanmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n konut olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Yani Karahantepe, tap\u0131nma veya toplanma ama\u00e7l\u0131 an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar etraf\u0131nda yerle\u015fik bir k\u00f6y ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Bu durum, eskiden beri s\u00fcregelen \u201cG\u00f6beklitepe ve benzeri yerler sadece t\u00f6ren ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131, yoksa burada ya\u015fayanlar var m\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d sorusuna yan\u0131t veriyor. Karahantepe\u2019de hem kamusal t\u00f6renlere sahne olan yap\u0131lar hem de g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi evler bir arada bulunmu\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinin somut izleri belgelenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00fcnya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, ke\u015ffet!<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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